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HIV PrEP With Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Is Safe During Pregnancy Among Cisgender Women, Analysis Finds

MedPage Today (7/25, Kahn) reports, “HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA; Apretude) appeared safe during pregnancy among cisgender women, according to an analysis of the HPTN 084 open-label extension trial.” Researchers found “composite poor pregnancy outcomes were reported in 33% of pregnancies with active CAB-LA use, 38% with prior CAB-LA use, and 27% with no previous or active CAB-LA use.” The findings were presented at the International AIDS Conference.

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Blood Biomarker For Identifying Benign Lung Nodules Displays “Excellent” Performance Across Subgroups, Research Shows

Healio (7/25, Hornick) reports, “A blood biomarker used to identify benign vs. malignant pulmonary nodules displayed ‘excellent’ performance regardless of sex, smoking status, screen detection and nodule size, according to a research letter.” Specifically, the biomarker’s negative predictive value “was more than 90% in men and women,” with researchers also observing “high values across smoking status and nodule size subgroups.” Healio adds, “The biomarker, or proteomic integrated classifier (IC), joins together plasma proteins LG3BP and C163A with smoking status, nodule size, edge and location, according to researchers.” The findings were published in the journal CHEST.

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Researchers Develop Strong, Durable Artificial Blood Vessels

Cardiovascular Business (7/25, Walter) reports, “Researchers have developed artificial blood vessels that could be as strong and durable as the real things.” Researchers “developed the synthetic vessels using 3D-printing technology.” To make the blood vessels, “a ‘rotating spindle integrated into a 3D printer’ was used to print grafts out of a water-based gel,” and then those grafts were “coated in biodegradable polyester molecules.” The findings were published in Advanced Materials Technologies.

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UAE Seeing Surge In Dengue Cases Following Flooding As Infections Spike Worldwide

The AP (7/24, Wakin) reports, “Since the United Arab Emirates witnessed its heaviest recorded rainfall ever three months ago, the desert nation has issued a multitude of warnings about dengue which, activists say, has surged and struck hardest among the vast populations of laborers.” The sluggish “cleanup of flooded areas in industrial sites has worsened the spread of the disease among laborers, some of whom have left their home countries already affected by climate change for a chance to earn money in the UAE, according to a report issued by FairSquare, a London-based group focused on labor rights in the Gulf Arab states.” Dengue “has witnessed a worldwide spike,” with the WHO declaring “it an emergency in December as cases have globally increased tenfold over the last generation.”

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Nearly 40M People Were Living With HIV Last Year As Progress To End AIDS Pandemic Slows, Report Says

The AP (7/23, Lederer) says, “Nearly 40 million people were living with the HIV virus that causes AIDS last year, over 9 million weren’t getting any treatment, and the result was that every minute someone died of AIDS-related causes, the U.N. said in a new report launched Monday.” Although “advances are being made to end the global AIDS pandemic, the report said progress has slowed, funding is shrinking, and new infections are rising in three regions: the Middle East and North Africa, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America.” Last year, “around 630,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses, a significant decline from the 2.1 million deaths in 2004.” However, “the latest figure is more than double the target for 2025 of fewer than 250,000 deaths, according to the report by UNAIDS.”

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Combining Anal Cytology With High-Risk HPV Testing More Effective In Detecting Anal Cancers In People With HIV Than Either Test Alone, Study Finds

MedPage Today (7/23, Kahn) reports, “Combining anal cytology with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was more effective in detecting anal cancers and precancers in people with HIV than either test alone, and reduced referrals for high-resolution anoscopy, according to a new study.” The research found that “of five approaches to anal cancer screening, high-risk HPV along with cytology triage had an acceptable sensitivity (85%), the highest specificity (48%), the highest positive-predictive value (54%), and the lowest percentage of referrals for high-risk anoscopy (66%).” The findings were presented at the AIDS 2024 meeting.

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WHO Warns Of High Risk Of Polio Virus Spreading Across Gaza Strip Due To Dire Sanitation Situation

Reuters (7/23, Tétrault-Farber) reports, “The World Health Organization said on Tuesday there was a high risk of the polio virus spreading across the Gaza Strip and beyond its borders due to the dire health and sanitation situation in the war-ravaged Palestinian enclave.” Ayadil Saparbekov, the “team lead for health emergencies at WHO in Gaza and the West Bank, said circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 had been isolated from environmental samples from sewage in Gaza.” Saparbekov “said WHO and UNICEF workers were scheduled to arrive in Gaza on Thursday to collect human stool samples as part of a risk assessment related to the discovery of the virus.”

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Health Departments Across US Detecting West Nile Virus In Mosquito Samples

ABC News (7/23, Kekatos) reports, “Several health departments in the U.S. say they have detected West Nile virus in mosquito samples.” Even though “the average number of actual West Nile cases is significantly lower than the same time last year, experts are urging the public to take precautions.” So far, just “25 cases of West Nile virus have been reported in 14 states, according to data from the” CDC. That number “is lower than the 117 cases reported at the same time last year.”

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Patients With MDR P. Aeruginosa Bacteremia Or Pneumonia More Likely To Develop Resistance With Use Of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Vs Ceftolozane-Tazobactam, Study Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (7/23, Basilio) reports a study found “adult patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia or pneumonia are more likely to develop resistance with the use of ceftazidime-avibactam vs ceftolozane-tazobactam.” Researchers found “that treatment-emergent resistance – defined as more than a 4-fold increase in baseline minimum inhibitory concentration – occurred in 40% of patients in the ceftazidime-avibactam group and 10% of those in the ceftolozane-tazobactam group.” The findings were published in Clinical Infectious Diseases.

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Distribution Of HIV Self-Tests By Mail May Help Reduce Barriers To Testing, Expand Access To Equitable Care, Research Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (7/23, Basilio) reports research found “the distribution of HIV self-tests by mail at no cost...may be an effective strategy for reducing barriers to testing and expanding access to equitable care among populations disproportionately affected by HIV.” Among “7893 patients with no prior HIV diagnosis who used the test, 151 (1.9%) reported a positive test result.” Researchers found “transgender women represented the highest percentage of these persons (3.6%), followed by Black and Hispanic” men who have sex with men (2.9%). Meanwhile, “Black cisgender women represented the lowest percentage (0.8%).” The findings were published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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Existing Distribution Networks May Help Reduce Gaps In Tecovirimat Access Among Patients With Mpox Infection, Study Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (7/22, McSwiggin) reports, “Existing distribution networks and local surveillance data can help reduce gaps in tecovirimat access among patients with mpox...infection, according to study findings.” The researchers said, “During public health emergencies, medical countermeasures can be rapidly deployed across a large jurisdiction using existing distribution networks, including clinics and pharmacies.” The findings were published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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Scientists Discover Link Between Genetic Mutation, Late-Onset Neurological Disorders With Parkinson’s-Like Symptoms

Parkinson’s News Today (7/22, Lobo) reports “scientists have discovered a link between a mutation in the CARS gene and late-onset neurological disorders with symptoms, such as movement disorder, similar to those seen in” patients with Parkinson’s disease. The mutation, called “CARS E795V, was identified as the cause of a neurological condition affecting nine people from four related families.” The genetic “mutation is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that having the mutation in just one copy of the gene is enough to cause the condition.” The scientists’ findings were published in Neuroscience Bulletin.

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COVID-19 Levels In California’s Wastewater Exceed Last Summer’s Peak, CDC Says

The Los Angeles Times (7/22, Lin) reports COVID-19 “levels in California’s wastewater now exceed last summer’s peak, an indication of the rapid spread of the super-contagious new FLiRT strains.” The state “has ‘very high’ coronavirus levels in its wastewater – one of 21 states in that category, up from seven the prior week, according to estimates published Friday by the” CDC. That means roughly “155 million people – nearly half of America’s population – live in areas with ‘very high’ coronavirus levels in sewage.”

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Study Finds Tenofovir Alafenamide Maintains Virological Response In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Renal Or Hepatic Impairment

Healio (7/22, Burba) reports research found “tenofovir alafenamide was safe and maintained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and renal or hepatic impairment who switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or other antivirals.” According to the researchers, “tenofovir alafenamide was well-tolerated and renal and bone parameters either remained stable or improved.” The findings were published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.

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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis For HIV Remains Underutilized, Study Suggests

Healio (7/19, Feller, Stulpin) reported, “Post-exposure prophylaxis [PEP] for HIV remained significantly underutilized, especially in acute care settings, according to study results.” In the study, “researchers estimated that 41,477 individuals were eligible for HIV PEP, however, only 66.8% received a prescription.” The research also found “a higher likelihood for non-acute health care settings to prescribe HIV PEP compared with acute health care settings” (94.5% vs. 63.5%). The findings were published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases.

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Researchers Identify Two Loci That May Be Linked To AKI In Hospitalized Patients With Kidney Disease

Healio (7/19, Carter) reported, “Researchers have identified two loci that may be associated to AKI in hospitalized patients with kidney disease, noting a potential genetic risk of the condition, data show.” The “two novel loci” that “reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis” were rs11642015 and rs4859682. According to Healio, “rs11642015, near the FTO locus on chromosome 16, was associated with obesity traits; and rs4859682, near the SHROOM3 locus on chromosome 4, was linked to glomerular filtration barrier integrity.” The findings were published in Kidney International.

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Measuring Levels Of Lipids In Blood Helps Predict Severity Of Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms, Study Shows

Parkinson’s News Today (7/19, Wexler) reported, “Measuring levels of lipids (fat molecules) in the blood may help predict the severity of symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, a new study suggests.” The study found a “machine learning algorithm trained on lipid profiles, as well as clinical and demographic data, was able to predict long-term symptom outcomes accurately, with particularly good predictive power for measuring the severity of motor symptoms and of depression, a common nonmotor symptom of Parkinson’s.” The findings were published in npj Parkinson’s Disease.

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Current Genetic Tests Miss Many People With High Cancer Risk, Study Finds

HealthDay (7/19, Mundell) reported, “As good as many genetic tests might be, a deeper look at the DNA of over 44,000 people identified many who carried genes that hike their risks for cancer, researchers said.” The researchers “looked at the exomes of over 44,000 people of varying backgrounds and found that 550 of them – about 1.24% – did carry a hereditary genetic mutation that upped their odds for either breast and/or ovarian cancers or Lynch syndrome, a condition that raises the odds for endometrial and colorectal cancers.” The data indicated that “more than half of the people identified as carrying these mutations previously had no idea they were...at risk, and 40% would not have even met the criteria for genetic testing, the authors noted.” The findings were published JCO Precision Oncology.

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Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Feasible, Acceptable To Both Men And Women, Study Suggests

Healio (7/19, Feller) reported, “Long-acting injectable PrEP is feasible and acceptable to both men and women, according to a study.” According to Healio, “as long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) has recently been rolled out in Africa, researchers reported that not only did many people prefer it to taking a daily pill, but also that it could be a safer option.” The findings were presented at the AIDS 2024 meeting.

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Humanitarian Groups Consider Vaccination Campaign In Gaza Strip After Variant Poliovirus Type 2 Was Detected In Water Sources

Bloomberg (7/21, Newman, Subscription Publication) reports, “Humanitarian groups are considering a mass vaccination campaign for Palestinians in the Gaza Strip after traces of variant poliovirus type 2 were found in water sources in the war-torn territory.” The virus “was detected in six locations in Gaza, the World Health Organization said Friday, adding that no cases of paralysis had been identified so far.” The “WHO said it was working with partners – including UNICEF and United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East – to conduct a risk assessment.”

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HIV PrEP With Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Is Safe During Pregnancy Among Cisgender Women, Analysis Finds

Blood Biomarker For Identifying Benign Lung Nodules Displays “Excellent” Performance Across Subgroups, Research Shows

Researchers Develop Strong, Durable Artificial Blood Vessels

UAE Seeing Surge In Dengue Cases Following Flooding As Infections Spike Worldwide

Nearly 40M People Were Living With HIV Last Year As Progress To End AIDS Pandemic Slows, Report Says

Combining Anal Cytology With High-Risk HPV Testing More Effective In Detecting Anal Cancers In People With HIV Than Either Test Alone, Study Finds

WHO Warns Of High Risk Of Polio Virus Spreading Across Gaza Strip Due To Dire Sanitation Situation

Health Departments Across US Detecting West Nile Virus In Mosquito Samples

Patients With MDR P. Aeruginosa Bacteremia Or Pneumonia More Likely To Develop Resistance With Use Of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Vs Ceftolozane-Tazobactam, Study Finds

Distribution Of HIV Self-Tests By Mail May Help Reduce Barriers To Testing, Expand Access To Equitable Care, Research Finds

Existing Distribution Networks May Help Reduce Gaps In Tecovirimat Access Among Patients With Mpox Infection, Study Finds

Scientists Discover Link Between Genetic Mutation, Late-Onset Neurological Disorders With Parkinson’s-Like Symptoms

COVID-19 Levels In California’s Wastewater Exceed Last Summer’s Peak, CDC Says

Study Finds Tenofovir Alafenamide Maintains Virological Response In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Renal Or Hepatic Impairment

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis For HIV Remains Underutilized, Study Suggests

Researchers Identify Two Loci That May Be Linked To AKI In Hospitalized Patients With Kidney Disease

Measuring Levels Of Lipids In Blood Helps Predict Severity Of Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms, Study Shows

Current Genetic Tests Miss Many People With High Cancer Risk, Study Finds

Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Feasible, Acceptable To Both Men And Women, Study Suggests

Humanitarian Groups Consider Vaccination Campaign In Gaza Strip After Variant Poliovirus Type 2 Was Detected In Water Sources