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Studies Identify Low Prevalence Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae NOC In Adults, Rates Of All-Cause Pneumonia

Pharmacy Times (4/1, Gallagher) says research published in Vaccine found “there was a low prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharynx-oropharynx colonization (NOC) in adults, but the prevalence was higher among younger adults.” And in a separate study published by Open Forum Infectious Diseases, researchers found “the rates of all-cause pneumonia per 100,000 patient-years were 953 for those aged 18 to 49 years, 2679 for those aged 50 to 64 years, and 6930 for those ages 65 or older.”

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Vaccines In General Do Not Raise Risk For Systemic SLE, But Hepatitis B Vaccines May Have Connection With The Disease, Meta-Analysis Indicates

Healio (4/1, Cooper) reports, “Vaccinations in general do not increase the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], but hepatitis B vaccines may have a ‘significant connection’ with the disease,” researchers concluded in a meta-analysis of 17 prior studies. Researchers also found that COVID-19 vaccinations were “‘marginally’ associated with a decreased risk for SLE.” The findings were published in Arthritis Research & Therapy.

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STD Rates Have Risen Sharply Among Americans 55 And Older, CDC Finds

The Hill (3/29, O'Connell-Domenech) reported CDC data show that rates “of sexually transmitted diseases are skyrocketing among older Americans,” with some diseases seeing “a nearly eightfold increase since 2010.” Gonorrhea cases “have grown roughly sevenfold since 2010 among American adults older than 55, per the data,” and chlamydia rates “have more than quadrupled since 2010 among the same age group,” while “syphilis cases in 2022 were nearly eight times higher.” The Hill added, “Researchers think misconceptions about STDs among older Americans are contributing to the rise.”

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Tests That Look For Multiple Causes Of Rash In Children May Incorrectly Identify Measles Infection If Child Has Recently Received MMR Vaccine, Research Finds

Healio (3/29, Weldon) reported CDC research shows that “tests that look for multiple causes of rash in children may incorrectly identify a measles infection if a child has recently received an MMR vaccine.” They advised physicians to practice caution in reviewing PCR tests for measles to avoid misdiagnoses. Investigators “found that syndromic PCR panels may incorrectly indicate a child with rash has measles if they recently received the MMR shot.”

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Mouse Study Suggests Familial Alzheimer’s Disease May Be Transmitted Through Bone Marrow Stem Cells

MedPage Today (3/29, George) reported, “A mouse experiment suggested familial Alzheimer’s disease may be transmitted through bone marrow stem cells.” Researchers wrote in Stem Cell Reports that the findings provide “conclusive demonstration of iatrogenic Alzheimer’s disease transmission in a model of stem cell transplantation.”

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Number Of Mpox Cases In US Rising, CDC Says

ABC News (3/30, Benadjaoud) reported mpox cases are rising in the US, “with nearly double the number of infections compared to the same time last year, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data.” Although “the magnitude of the outbreak experienced in 2022 – where national cases topped 32,000 – is largely over, some high-risk groups need to continue taking precautions, experts say.”

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Dairy Cows In Idaho, Michigan, New Mexico Test Positive For Bird Flu

The Washington Post (3/29, Sun) reported a highly contagious bird flu strain, which was initially identified in dairy cows in Texas and Kansas, has now spread to Michigan and is presumptively present in Idaho and New Mexico. The USDA, the FDA, and the CDC are conducting investigations into the outbreak, which has resulted in symptoms including reduced milk output and low appetite in the dairy cows. NPR (3/31, Hernandez) reports this is “the first time the disease has been found in dairy cattle, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association.”

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CDC Warns Of Increase In Bacterial Illnesses That Can Lead To Meningitis

The New York Times (3/29, Caryn Rabin) reported, “Federal officials are warning health care providers to be on the lookout for invasive meningococcal disease, a rare but potentially deadly illness that has increased in prevalence in recent years and requires prompt treatment with antibiotics to prevent long-term disability or death. The illness is caused by infection with a bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis.” In 2023, “422 cases of invasive meningococcal disease were reported in the United States, the highest number since 2014, according to the” CDC. However, as of April 25, “143 cases have been reported to the C.D.C. so far this year, 62 more than the number of cases reported last year during the same period.”

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Dengue Cases Surging In The Americas, PAHO Says

Reuters (3/28, Giraldo) reports, “Dengue cases in the Americas rose in the first three months of this year by three times the number of infections reported in the same period last year, the head of the Pan American Health Organization said on Thursday.” Argentina, Brazil, “and Paraguay are the countries hardest hit by dengue in what PAHO officials described as potentially the worst outbreak in the Americas to date for the deadly mosquito-borne viral illness.” PAHO Director Dr. Jarbas Barbosa da Silva said, “Probably this will be the worst dengue season that we will have.” NBC News (3/28, Acevedo) reports, “The risk of getting sick with dengue fever is ever present in Puerto Rico and other places with hot, humid climates – but this year ‘cases have exceeded historical figures,’ according to Puerto Rico Health Secretary Carlos Mellado.” The health secretary “declared a public health emergency this week in an effort to curb the rise in dengue fever cases, saying the decree helps guarantee Puerto Rico has access to the resources needed to combat the outbreak.” CNN (3/28, Rivera, Musa) reports “Mellado said the health department has registered 549 cases of dengue so far this year, far exceeding historical numbers.”

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Blood Sample Analysis Using Raman Spectroscopy, Statistical Modeling Sufficient To Diagnose Fibromyalgia, Research Suggests

Healio (3/28, Cooper) reports, “A blood sample analysis using Raman spectroscopy, combined with statistical modeling, was sufficient to diagnose fibromyalgia, according to data.” The researchers found that “surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with gold particles, coupled with chemometrics, discriminated fibromyalgia from other rheumatic disorders with 100% diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, indicating the method ‘can be used as a real-time point-of-care device for screening of fibromyalgia.’” The findings were published in Biomedicines.

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COVID-19 Pandemic Allowed Scientists Opportunity To Observe Human Immune System Responses In Real Time

STAT (3/28, Branswell, Subscription Publication) reports, “The Covid pandemic marked the first time people armed with powerful scientific tools could study how the immune system awakens to and develops defenses against a new threat, in real time, in the global population.” As a result of the pandemic, “scientists have been able to chart how immune systems respond to a single infection, a first dose of Covid vaccine in a naive person, a first infection in a previously vaccinated person, and a first vaccination in a previously infected person – seeing clearly what each encounter activated and how those responses broadened and built on each other.”

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CDC Says TB Cases Hit Their Highest Level In A Decade In 2023

The AP (3/28, Stobbe) says, “The number of U.S. tuberculosis cases in 2023 were the highest in a decade, according to a new government report.” Last year, “forty states reported an increase in TB, and rates were up among all age groups, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday.” In total, over “9,600 cases were reported, a 16% increase from 2022 and the highest since 2013. Cases declined sharply at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but have been rising since.” The Hill (3/28, Choi) reports, “The last time annual TB cases in the U.S. were higher than 9,500 was in 2012, when 9,906 were detected. As the report noted, TB cases had declined for 27 years, reaching a record low of 7,171 in 2020 before creeping back up.”

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Cases Of Highly Antibiotic-Resistant Gonorrhea Have Tripled In China In Five Years, Research Suggests

HealthDay (3/28, Mundell) reports, “A strain of highly antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea first emerged in China in 2016, and cases of this tough-to-treat infection have tripled there in just five years, Chinese researchers report.” Strains that are “resistant to the first-line treatment ceftriaxone (and many other antibiotics) ‘have spread internationally and collaborative cross-border efforts will be essential to monitoring and mitigating its further spread,’ wrote” the researchers. By 2022, “the prevalence in China of infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to ceftriaxone ‘was 8.1% [of cases], approximately three times the 2017 rate of 2.9%,’ the new study found.” The findings were published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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Mpox Cases In US On The Rise, According To CDC Data

CNN (3/28, McPhillips) reports, “Mpox cases in the United States are twice as high as they were at this time last year, and experts are stressing the importance of improving vaccination coverage as transmission risks rise.” CNN says “there have been 511 cases reported this year through March 16, according to data from the” CDC “-- compared with fewer than 300 cases by late March 2023.” The publication notes that “transmission rates are still far below levels from 2022, when there were tens of thousands of cases in the US.” However, “after a quieter year last year, experts say the US is vulnerable to increases in spread in a number of ways.” The public health emergency expired over “a year ago, cutting the amount of federal resources available to manage the public health response. And relatively low vaccination rates leave many at risk.”

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The Role of Women in Cytogenetics

Abstract Not Available

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Introduction to Shotgun Wounds

Abstract Not Available

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The FDA’s proposed rule on laboratory-developed tests: what happens next?

Abstract Not Available

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Women physicians in academic pathology leadership

Abstract Not Available

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Modeling Studies Evaluate Blood-Based Screening For CRC

MedPage Today (3/26, Bassett) reports, “While screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with a blood-based test would result in better outcomes than no screening at all, it would likely result in worse outcomes than currently available tests – while increasing costs – according to two modeling studies published in Gastroenterology.” In one study, “models suggested that compared with no screening at all, a blood-based test with a minimum performance sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 90%...would result in reduced CRC incidence and mortality and increased quality-adjusted life-years...gained for an average-risk screening population,” and “would be cost-effective,” but “when compared with other screening alternatives using three microsimulation models for CRC, blood-based testing fell short.” In the other study, investigators “used a Markov model to determine that screening every 3 years with a blood-based test meeting minimum CMS thresholds would reduce CRC incidence by 40% and mortality by 52% versus no screening.” However, “they deemed that the findings were ‘less profound’ than those seen with alternative screening methods.”

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Gene Test Could Save Patients With Cancer From Fluorouracil “Overdose”

KFF Health News (3/26, Allen) reports more than 275,000 patients with cancer in the US “are infused each year with fluorouracil, known as 5-FU, or...take a nearly identical drug in pill form called capecitabine. These common types of chemotherapy are no picnic for anyone, but for patients who are deficient in an enzyme that metabolizes the drugs, they can be torturous or deadly.” In these cases, “patients essentially overdose because the drugs stay in the body for hours rather than being quickly metabolized and excreted.” However, “a recent survey found that only 3% of U.S. oncologists routinely order the tests before dosing patients with 5-FU or capecitabine.” This is “because the most widely followed U.S. cancer treatment guidelines – issued by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network – don’t recommend preemptive testing.” Now, “the FDA added new warnings about the lethal risks of 5-FU to the drug’s label on March 21 following queries from KFF Health News about its policy,” but “it did not require doctors to administer the test before prescribing the chemotherapy.”

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Studies Identify Low Prevalence Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae NOC In Adults, Rates Of All-Cause Pneumonia

Vaccines In General Do Not Raise Risk For Systemic SLE, But Hepatitis B Vaccines May Have Connection With The Disease, Meta-Analysis Indicates

STD Rates Have Risen Sharply Among Americans 55 And Older, CDC Finds

Tests That Look For Multiple Causes Of Rash In Children May Incorrectly Identify Measles Infection If Child Has Recently Received MMR Vaccine, Research Finds

Mouse Study Suggests Familial Alzheimer’s Disease May Be Transmitted Through Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Number Of Mpox Cases In US Rising, CDC Says

Dairy Cows In Idaho, Michigan, New Mexico Test Positive For Bird Flu

CDC Warns Of Increase In Bacterial Illnesses That Can Lead To Meningitis

Dengue Cases Surging In The Americas, PAHO Says

Blood Sample Analysis Using Raman Spectroscopy, Statistical Modeling Sufficient To Diagnose Fibromyalgia, Research Suggests

COVID-19 Pandemic Allowed Scientists Opportunity To Observe Human Immune System Responses In Real Time

CDC Says TB Cases Hit Their Highest Level In A Decade In 2023

Cases Of Highly Antibiotic-Resistant Gonorrhea Have Tripled In China In Five Years, Research Suggests

Mpox Cases In US On The Rise, According To CDC Data

The Role of Women in Cytogenetics

Introduction to Shotgun Wounds

The FDA’s proposed rule on laboratory-developed tests: what happens next?

Women physicians in academic pathology leadership

Modeling Studies Evaluate Blood-Based Screening For CRC

Gene Test Could Save Patients With Cancer From Fluorouracil “Overdose”