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Many US Dairy Farms Have Yet To Deploy Increased Health Protections Amid Spread Of Avian Flu In Cattle

Reuters (5/23, Polansek, Schlitz) reports, “Many U.S. dairy farms have not yet increased health protections against bird flu for employees during an outbreak in cows, according to workers, activists and farmers, worrying health experts about the risk for more human infections of a virus with pandemic potential.” Scientists “are concerned the virus could potentially spread and cause serious illnesses as farmers downplay the risk to workers while employees are not widely aware of cases in U.S. cattle.” This comes as “the U.S. government said on Wednesday that a second dairy worker contracted bird flu since cattle first tested positive in late March.” Regulators “are looking into whether the person was wearing or offered protective equipment.”

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Less Than 1% Of US Mpox Cases In Past Two Years Occurred In Fully Vaccinated Individuals, CDC Says

MedPage Today (5/23, Kahn) reports, “Over the last 2 years, most new cases of mpox in the U.S. occurred in unvaccinated people, and less than 1% occurred in people who were fully vaccinated against the disease, according to CDC data.” Out of “32,819 U.S. mpox cases reported to the CDC from May 2022 to May 2024, only 0.8% occurred among people who had received two doses of the mpox vaccine Jynneos, while 75% of cases occurred among unvaccinated people, reported” researchers “in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.”

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Patients Vaccinated Against COVID-19 Less Likely To Develop Long COVID, Study Finds

The Hill (5/23, Irwin) reports, “A new study has found that patients vaccinated against the COVID-19 virus were less likely to experience symptoms of post-COVID condition, or long COVID.” In the study, published in Nature Communications, “researchers found that if individuals were vaccinated prior to contracting the infection, there was a reduced risk of long COVID outcomes and consequences from the virus, though the study found that vaccinated people had a slightly higher risk of mental illness over the study period.”

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Estimate Of Global Burden Of 85 Infectious Diseases Suggests They Were Associated With Over 700M Disability-Adjusted Life-Years In 2019, Study Finds

Healio (5/23, Stulpin) reports, “An estimate of the global burden of 85 infectious diseases suggests they were associated with more than 700 million disability-adjusted life-years in 2019 – ‘a substantial portion of the overall burden from all diseases,’ researchers said” in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. The top three “pathogens responsible for more than 50 million DALYs each in 2019 were tuberculosis (65.1 million), malaria (53.6 million) and HIV/AIDS (52.1 million), according to the study.”

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CDC’s Framework To Prevent Hospital-Onset C. Diff Infections Not Linked To Reduced Incidence, Study Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (5/23, Nye) reports, “Implementation of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Strategies to Prevent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Acute Care Facilities Framework is not temporally associated with reduced incidence of hospital-onset C difficile infection (CDI), according to study results published in JAMA Network Open.” In the study, “a significant decline in annual hospital-onset CDI incidence was observed in the pre-intervention period (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.85; P <.01), but the rate of decline did not significantly differ in the post-intervention period (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.77-1.24; P =.85).”

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At-School HPV Vaccination Program Increased Uptake, Study Finds

MedPage Today (5/23, Kahn) reports, “An at-school vaccination program in France significantly increased human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage, according to results of the PrevHPV cluster randomized trial.” The program “increased median HPV vaccination coverage by an adjusted 5.5 percentage points after 2 months of the intervention,” researchers “reported in JAMA Network Open.” Healio (5/23, Welsh) reports, “In subgroup analyses, researchers observed a significant interaction between HPV vaccination at school and general practitioner access, with a higher effect with poor access (8.62 vs. 2.13 percentage points; P = .007).”

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HER2/ERBB2 copy number analysis by targeted next-generation sequencing in breast cancer

Abstract Not Available

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Academic Medical Centers Uncertain How New FDA Final Rule on LDTs Will Impact Them

Abstract Not Available

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Utility of a microRNA panel in diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis C–associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Not Available

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Advances in Determining Time of Death: A Cautionary Note

Abstract Not Available

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Michigan Farmworker Diagnosed With Avian Flu

The New York Times (5/22, Mandavilli, Anthes) reports, “A farmworker in Michigan has been diagnosed with bird flu, state officials announced on Wednesday, making it the second human case associated with the outbreak in cows.” Authorities “said that the individual became infected with the virus, called H5N1, after exposure to infected livestock.” The patient “had only mild symptoms and has fully recovered, officials said.” The AP (5/22, Aleccia, Stobbe) reports the worker “experienced mild eye symptoms and has recovered, U.S. and Michigan health officials said in announcing the case Wednesday.” The public health risk “remains low, but farmworkers exposed to infected animals are at higher risk, health officials said.” Reuters (5/22, Polansek, Steenhuysen, Douglas) reports, “The CDC told reporters on a call it has not seen evidence of human to human transmission of bird flu and that it tested close to 40 people since March, including the Michigan worker. All the people who were tested were connected to or had exposures on a dairy farm, the CDC said.”

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FTC/TDF For HIV PrEP Highly Effective, Study Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (5/22, Chan) reports, “The use of emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective across diverse populations, geographies, and routes of HIV exposure.” Additionally, “this PrEP combination is effective when administered less than once daily.” In a study of 17,274 patients, “overall, 101 patients developed HIV Infection after PrEP initiation or within 60 days of discontinuation (incidence rate [IR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94).” The results were published in Clinical Infectious Diseases.

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Single-Dose 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Safe, Immunogenic In Children, Study Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (5/22, Barowski) reports, “The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is safe and elicits robust immune responses to all 20 serotypes in children aged 15 months to younger than 18 years, according to study results published in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.” In the study, “in patients younger than 5 years, the geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) in IgG from baseline to 1 month after vaccination ranged from 27.9 to 1847.7 (7 additional serotypes) and 2.9 to 44.9 (13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes).”

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AI Chatbots May Be Able To Make Pathology Reports Easier For Patients To Read, Study Finds

MedPage Today (5/22, Fiore) reports, “Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots may be able to help interpret pathology reports for patients, but at this point they need clinician review before being delivered, researchers said.” In the study, “Google’s Bard and OpenAI’s GPT-4 respectively interpreted 87.57% and 97.44% of reports correctly, according to” researchers. Additionally, the chatbots were “able to bring the reports down in Flesch-Kincaid reading level, from an overall mean of 13.19 to 8.17 for Bard and 7.45 for GPT-4 (P<0.001 for both), they reported in JAMA Network Open.”

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Study Indicates Body Lice May Have Spread Bubonic Plague During Middle Ages More Than Previously Thought

NBC News (5/21, Carroll) reports, “Scientists have long debated whether human body lice might have helped drive the rapid spread of the bacteria responsible for the deadly plague in the Middle Ages, known as the Black Death.” Now, “a study published Tuesday in PLOS Biology suggests that body lice may be more efficient at transmitting the plague bacteria, Yersinia pestis, than previously thought and thus might have helped drive up the numbers in the bubonic plague pandemic.”

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HIV Infections In Men Decreased 12% Between 2018 And 2022, CDC Says

The Hill (5/21, Choi) reports, “HIV infections in men decreased by an estimated 12 percent in 2022 compared to 2018, according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with the largest notable decline observed among the youngest age group.” The data “found there was a 12 percent decrease in HIV incidence between 2018 and 2022 among boys and men aged 13 and older. Among those between the ages of 13 and 24, the drop was 30 percent.” However, “no change in HIV incidence was observed among age groups between 25 and 64.”

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Pertussis Incidence, Disease Severity Differs Across Racial, Ethnic Minority Groups, Study Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (5/21, Barowski) reports, “Pertussis incidence and disease severity significantly differs across racial and ethnic minority groups, with the highest incidence observed in Hispanic/Latino adults and American Indian/Alaska Native infants.” These disparities “may be due to lower vaccine uptake, larger household sizes, and potential underdiagnosis in certain groups.” These findings were published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases.

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Patients With Immunosuppression At Increased Risk For Poor Outcomes With Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus, Study Finds

Infectious Disease Advisor (5/21, Nye) reports, “Patients with immunosuppression are at increased risk for poor outcomes and severe clinical manifestations when infected with neuroinvasive West Nile virus, according to study results published in JAMA Network Open.” In the study, “analysis between the groups showed that patients with immunosuppression required longer hospital stays (median, 16 [IQR, 11-26] vs 8 [5-20] days) and experienced significantly higher rates of crude 90-day mortality (28% vs 7%). After adjustment for disease severity, the significant difference in mortality between groups persisted (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.07-4.27; P =.03).”

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Just A Quarter Of Older Adults Have Received RSV Vaccine, Survey Finds

Healio (5/21, Stulpin) reports, “A recent survey showed that only about one-quarter of older adults have received respiratory syncytial virus vaccinations.” In the survey, among adults over 60, “85.7% reported that they had heard of RSV, 83.2% knew that RSV vaccines were available for older adults, but only 26.4% reported receiving an RSV vaccine.” The data were presented at the NFID Annual Conference on Vaccinology Research.

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Experts Say Bird Flu Spread Among Dairy Herds Via Interstate Transportation

The New York Times (5/20, Anthes, Qiu) reports that the H5N1 bird flu “that is spreading through American dairy cows can probably be traced back to a single spillover event” when the cattle originally contracted the virus from wild birds in the Texas panhandle late last year. It then traveled to other states via transportation of live cattle. This type of “live animal transport is essential to industrial animal agriculture, which has become increasingly specialized,” but the movement of animals complicates managing disease outbreaks due to long-distance transport of pathogens.

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Many US Dairy Farms Have Yet To Deploy Increased Health Protections Amid Spread Of Avian Flu In Cattle

Less Than 1% Of US Mpox Cases In Past Two Years Occurred In Fully Vaccinated Individuals, CDC Says

Patients Vaccinated Against COVID-19 Less Likely To Develop Long COVID, Study Finds

Estimate Of Global Burden Of 85 Infectious Diseases Suggests They Were Associated With Over 700M Disability-Adjusted Life-Years In 2019, Study Finds

CDC’s Framework To Prevent Hospital-Onset C. Diff Infections Not Linked To Reduced Incidence, Study Finds

At-School HPV Vaccination Program Increased Uptake, Study Finds

HER2/ERBB2 copy number analysis by targeted next-generation sequencing in breast cancer

Academic Medical Centers Uncertain How New FDA Final Rule on LDTs Will Impact Them

Utility of a microRNA panel in diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis C–associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Advances in Determining Time of Death: A Cautionary Note

Michigan Farmworker Diagnosed With Avian Flu

FTC/TDF For HIV PrEP Highly Effective, Study Finds

Single-Dose 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Safe, Immunogenic In Children, Study Finds

AI Chatbots May Be Able To Make Pathology Reports Easier For Patients To Read, Study Finds

Study Indicates Body Lice May Have Spread Bubonic Plague During Middle Ages More Than Previously Thought

HIV Infections In Men Decreased 12% Between 2018 And 2022, CDC Says

Pertussis Incidence, Disease Severity Differs Across Racial, Ethnic Minority Groups, Study Finds

Patients With Immunosuppression At Increased Risk For Poor Outcomes With Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus, Study Finds

Just A Quarter Of Older Adults Have Received RSV Vaccine, Survey Finds

Experts Say Bird Flu Spread Among Dairy Herds Via Interstate Transportation