Online Case Studies

Salmonella Infection and Its Sequelae

Diagnostic Categories, Criteria, and Follow-Up for Follicular Lesions of the Thyroid

Hepatitis B Reactivation: Old Virus, New Problem

Hospital Overwhelmed With Point-of-Care Testing (for Clinical Lab)

A Simple Tool to Educate Laboratory Staff About Anticoagulation

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that lists the different classes of anticoagulants, basic mechanisms of anticoagulation, and the tests used to monitor the different classes of anticoagulants. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

The Partial D Phenotype: Laboratory Diagnosis and Clinical Implications

Invasive Aspergillosis: Update On Diagnosis and Treatment

Clonally Related Histiocytic Neoplasm in Patients With Prior Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Reactive Processes Mimicking Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Respiratory Cytologic Specimens

Factor XI Deficiency

Cytologic Diagnosis of Lymphoid Lesions of the Thyroid Gland

Laboratory Methods for Colorectal Cancer Screening

The Advantages of Molecular Diagnostics in the Surveillance of Health Care-Associated Infections

Update on Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing for the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer

Reducing the Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Bacterial Infections in Platelet Concentrates: Current Status and Developments

Point-of-Care Testing: Twenty Years’ Experience

Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: Pathological Assessment and Differential Diagnoses of Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Cellular Mesoblastic Nephroma

Insecticide Poisoning By Organophosphates: Pharmacologic Effects and the Laboratory’s Role in Diagnosis

Septic Arthritis in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: An Important Lesion in the Differential Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Root Cause Analysis of Specimen Misidentification in Surgical Pathology Accession and Grossing

Insulin Use in the Hospital: An Evolving Therapeutic Paradigm

A Primer on Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Cutaneous Spindle Cell Neoplasms

Clear Cell Sarcoma of Tendons and Aponeuroses: A Review with Discussion of Molecular Techniques in Diagnosis

Rat Bite Fever and Haverhill Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis: Recognition of the Clinical Syndromes, Laboratory Diagnosis, and Treatment

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Contemporary Evaluation of Colorectal Carcinoma in Specimens From Endoscopic Biopsies

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that lists immunostains, histologic features, and mechanisms associated with colorectal carcinoma. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Diagnosis of Secondary Follicular Center Cell Lymphoma to Pancreas With Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Hirsutism and Hyperandrogenism

Transfusion Evaluation and Management of Patients with IgA Deficiency

An Unusual Dural-Based Tumor

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma: Clinical and Pathological Features

The Role of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy In Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fungal Infections

Indirect Phlebotomy: Is It Good Practice?

Molecular Tools for the Detection and Characterization of Bacterial Infections: A Review

Fasciola hepatica Infection in the United States

An Overview of Florida Clinical Laboratory Personnel Laws and Rules: What You Need To Know if You Are Seeking Employment

Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria

A 16-Year-Old Female With Maxillary Sinus Mass

Chondrosarcoma: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Cryptococcus Neoformans Var Gattii: Changing Epidemiology in an Emerging North American Pathogen

Cytopathology of Adrenal Lesions in the Adult Patient

Fine-Needle Aspiration of Abdominal Masses in Young Women

The Biochemical Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma

Clinical Significance of Cytogenetics in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acquired Platelet Disorders

Central Giant Cell Granuloma: An Overview of Multinucleated Giant Cell Lesions of the Bone

Bacillus Bacteremia

Differentiating Glanzmann Thrombasthenia From Other Qualitative Platelet Disorders

Sickle Cell Disease

Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis in a Mediastinal Lymph Node Using EUS-Guided FNA

Electronic Health Records: A Primer

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Implementation of Molecular Tests in the Clinical Laboratory

Autoantibody Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer

Collection, Processing, and Banking of Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells for Clinical Use in Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine

Cardiac Angiosarcoma and Its Differential Diagnoses

Urine Cytology and Commercially Available Urine-Based Markers for Monitoring of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Chemistry

The Impact of Phlebotomy on Monitoring Heparin Therapy

Donor Phlebotomy: A Key Element of Blood Collection

FNA Cytology of Cervical Sympathetic Chain Schwannoma: Differential Diagnosis of a Mass Lesion at the Bifurcation of the Common Cartoid Artery

Identification of Rhabdomyolysis Through Urinalysis

Granulocyte Transfusions

Cellular Fibroma of the Ovary

Metastatic Well-Differentiated Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Consistent With Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Nodular Hyperplasia and Other Lesions of the Bartholin Gland

Malignant Epithelioid Neoplasms in the Dermis: Diagnostic Pitfalls

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Relevance

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)

Pulmonary Salivary Gland-Type Tumors

Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Vulva

Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Quality Management & Quality Indicators in the Microbiology Laboratory

Fetal Lung Maturity Testing

Cytologic Diagnosis of Parathyroid Adenoma by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Mediastinal FNA

Pemphigus Vulgaris With Cytologic Atypia in Papanicolaou Smears

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Clinical & Pathologic Features

Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma and Its Mimics

Bite Wounds: The Pasteurellaceae and Other Challenging Organisms

Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma

Use (And Misuse) of Plasma in Clinical Practice

Tight Glycemic Control

Extracorporeal Photopheresis

Adenomyoepithelioma of the Breast: Diagnosis by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: Clinical and Pathological Features

Transfusion Strategies For Patients Transplanted With ABO-Mismatched Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Cobalamin Deficiency: Etiology, Effect, Evaluation, and Treatment

Diagnosis of Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Salivary Gland by Fine-Needle Aspiration

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA): Epidemiology Clinical Presentation

Cytological Preparations in Surgical Neuropathology

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Postoperative Cardiopulmonary Bypass Patient Requiring Extracorporeal and Intra-Ao

Nocardia Infection Presenting as an Isolated Pulmonary Nodule Progressing to Empyema and Brain Abscess

Renal Neoplasms in Patients With Hemoglobinopathies

Myelodysplasia With Isolated Thrombocytopenia (Refractory Thrombocytopenia)

Unusual Presentation of Anti-P₁ Antibody in a Pediatric Patient

Prenatal Screening for Down Syndrome

Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Unusual Neoplasms of the Thyroid

T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia and Associated Pure Red Cell Aplasia

An Unusual Cause of a Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

An Update on MCAD Deficiency and Newborn Screening

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Large Cells in Cytology

Cytomorphologic Features in Typical and Peripheral Carcinoid Tumors of the Lung

Candidemia

Unusual Histological Presentation of Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Skin (Merkel Cell Carcinoma)

Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemistry

Serum Free Light Chains (FLC) to Monitor Light Chain Monoclonal Gammopathies (Bence Jones Protein)

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis of Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms

Systemic Mastocytosis with Associated Clonal Hematological Non-Mast Cell Lineage Disease (SM-AHNMD)

Human Metapneumovirus: A Previously Unrecognized Respiratory Pathogen

Diagnosis, Characterization, and Differential Diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury: Current Considerations Regarding Diagnosis And Management

Fatal Intracerebral Hemorrhage Due To an Embolus from Mitral Valve Prolapse and Promyelocytic Leukemia

Update on Antifungal Agents and Susceptibility Testing

West Nile Virus

Anti-G Antibody in Pregnancy

Monitoring Compliance in Oxycodone Dosing

Connectivity for Point-of-Care Testing

Cardiac Angiosarcoma: An Unusual Cause of Malignant Pericardial Effusion with Discussion of Differential Diagnosis

Galactosialidosis

Laboratory Pseudoangiomatous Hyperplasia of the Mammary Stroma

Managing Patients With Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose

Aerococcus Sanguinicola Urinary Tract Infection: Review of Laboratory and Clinical Diagnosis

Sebaceous Carcinoma of Skin

Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Clinical Laboratory Update

Fine Needle Aspiration Of Salivary Gland Lesions In Young Patients

Metastatic lesions to the Pancreas: Cytopathology and Clinical Implications

Cytogenetic and Biological Features of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Diagnosis and Management of Platelet Refractoriness

Insular Thyroid Carcinoma: Difficulties on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and its Diagnostic Importance

ALK+ Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Plasmablastic Type

Laboratory Diagnosis of Influenza

Evaluation of Testicular Borderline Serous Tumors

Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL)

Genetic Evaluation of Aortic Dissections

To Bleed or Not To Bleed...Which Factor VIII Assays To Use

Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme Analysis: Guiding the Differential Diagnosis of Elevated Serum Total Alkaline Phosphates

Renal Oncocytoma: Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Differential Diagnosis

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Cytologic Spectrum and Differential Diagnosis

Aeromonas spp and Diarrheal Diseases: Is there an association

Hospital Overwhelmed With Point-of-Care Testing (for Phlebotomy)

Phlebotomy Considerations for Age-Specific Care

Avoiding Phlebotomy Mistakes Due to Overconfidence

Patient Safety Goals

Investigation of a Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) in a Newborn

Congenital Inhibitors: Causes, Detection, Treatment

Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia Due to Anti-HPA-1a

Infectious Skin Lesions Looking Like Spider Bites

Variability Among Methods for Measuring Glucose in Whole Blood: The Influence of Hematocrit

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

Factor XII Deficiency, Hageman Trait

Maggots!

Interdepartmental Correlation of Laboratory Results To Assist in the Timely Diagnosis of Sepsis

Pharmacogenomics of Warfarin Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism

Advanced Concepts: Molecular Diagnosis of Viral Agents of Encephalitis and Meningitis

A Rare Case of Endocarditis: Improved Laboratory Diagnosis Using Molecular Techniques

Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in an Adult: Laboratory Findings

Opt-Out Screening for HIV Infection

Testing for Tuberculosis Exposure

Blood Donor Eligibility and Safety

An Update on Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia

Laboratory Assessment of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage is Improved Using Flow Cytometry

Interferences in Urine Drug-of-Abuse Testing

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Related Disorders

Laboratory Diagnosis of Coccidioidomycosis

Differential Diagnosis of Weger's Granulomatosis from Other Small Vessel Vasculitides

Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Brief Review With an Emphasis on Autoimmune Testing

Phlebotomy With an International Focus

Communication Strategies in Phlebotomy

Proficiency Testing: A Guide to Maintaining Successful Performance

Developments in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Diagnosis and Therapy of Human Nocardiosis

Vibrio in the United States: Vibrio cholerae and Other Pathogenic Vibrios

Phlebotomy Considerations for Patients With Disabilities

Stress Management for Phlebotomists

Placental Examination

Laboratory Monitoring of Heparin: Challenges and Opportunities

Diabetes Mellitus

Valproic Acid Overdose: Timely Reporting of Critical Laboratory Results

Avian Influenza A (H5N1): Pandemic Potential and the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Subclinical Thyroid Disease

Use of a Biological Standard for Fluorescent Intensity Grading

A 3-Year-Old Girl With a History of Recurrent Bacterial Infections

Challenges in Detecting Bacterial Contamination of Platelets

Quality Assurance in the Hospital Laboratory: Bacterial Contamination of Patient Specimens

Alloanti-Kpb in a Patient With Autoanti-Ku

Use of a Genotyping Assay to Aid in Red Blood Cell Phenotype Determination

Laboratory Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis Infection Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Superbugs of Nosocomial Distinction: MRSA and VRE

Basophilic Inclusion Bodies Found in the Neutrophil: Emerging Infectious Disease

Misdiagnosis in Refractory TTP

The Role of the Laboratory in Diagnosing Influenza

PFA Testing and Menorrhagia

Diagnostic Pitfalls of Inguinal Endometriosis Sampled Via Fine-needle Aspiration

The Role of the Hematologist in Diagnosing and Monitoring Acute Radiation Syndrome

Challenges in the Detection of Helicobacter Pylori

Importance of Positivity in the Clinical Laboratory Workplace

Macroscopic Mimics of Helminths in Stool Specimen Examination

Bladder Cancer Screening and Future Directions in Urine-Based Markers for Bladder Urothellial Carcinoma

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura—Pathogenesis and Treatment

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Taxonomy Changes, Illness, Laboratory Diagnosis, and Treatment

Hairy Cell Leukemia in a Young Man

The Cytologic Diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Differential Diagnostic Approach

Neuroblastoma

A Rapid and Accurate Method for Stem-Cell-Viability Evaluation: The Case of the Thawed Umbilical Cord Blood

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that describes a rapid method for the cell viability evaluation. This method is as accurate as the trypan blue exclusion test, but one can evaluate simultaneously 96 samples in half an hour. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Red Cell Cytograms Generated by an ADVIA 120 Automated Hematology Analyzer: Characteristic Patterns in Common Hematological Conditions

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses numerical as well as red cell cytogram data generated by the Advia-120 automated hematology analyzer as seen in commonly encountered hematological conditions. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Overview of the Flaviviridae With an Emphasis on the Japanese Encephalitis Group Viruses

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that describes Flaviviridae as it pertains to general characteristics and classification with emphasis on the major viral pathogens within the Japanese encephalitis group of the Flavivirus genus. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Clinical Significance of Measuring Prostate Specific Antigen

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses PSA values and assesses the risk of prostate carcinoma using PSA quotient. In addition, errors associated with PSA and PSA quotient measurement are compared and discussed. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Pancreatic Pathology: A Practical Review

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses ductal adenocarcinoma, in particular histologic features useful in frozen section evaluation and in its distinction from chronic pancreatitis. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Clinical Laboratory Compliance: Something Old, Something New

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses laboratory billing compliance. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Reference Range for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematological Values

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that evaluates umbilical cord blood hematological parameters. Some of these parameters are crucial for the further processing and isolation of the hematopoietic progenitor UCB cells, as well as the possibility of increased likelihood of rejection of a sample. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

HbA_1c Standardization: Background, Progress, and Current Issues

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses and compares various HbA_1c standardization programs and results reporting methods. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Serum Free Light Chain Analysis for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis of Monoclonal Gammopathies

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses the utility of serum free light chain analysis and its uses in the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy, in monitoring patients with oligosecretory disease, and for prognosis of plasma cell dyscrasia. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Malaria Diagnosis: Microscope to Molecular

Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma)

Evaluating Errors in Cytologic-Histologic Correlation: A Practical Application of Root-Cause Analysis

A Mystery Diagnosis: Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-Linked Recessive

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments of IPEX. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteria Producing Newer Types of ß-Lactamases

Cytopathology of Osteosarcoma

The Laboratory and the Poisoned Patient

An Overview of Arboviruses and Bunyaviruses

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses arboviruses and their classification, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Human Allografts and the Transfusion Service

T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell

Cytologic Features of Hyalinizing

Renal Function Testing

Recent Advances in the Detection of Prostate Cancer Using Epigenetic Markers in Commonly Collected Laboratory Samples

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that discusses epigenetic biomarkers and CpG hypermethylation for the detection of prostate cancer. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Transfusion Issues in Cold Agglutinin Disease

Corynebacterium Amycolatum: An Opportunistic Pathogen

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Intraoperative Cytology of Granulosa Cell Tumors of the Ovary

A “Lean” Foundation for the Laboratory

Evaluation of Transfusion-Associated Infections: A Collaborative Approach

Improper Patient Identification and Labeling Causing a Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Point-of-Care Testing for Hemoglobin

The Template Bleeding Time Test: Rationale for Performance and Alternative Assessment Procedures

Catheter-Related Infection by Cellulosimicrobium Cellulans in an Immunocompromised Patient

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carapenases (KPCs): When to Suspect Them

Possible RBC T-Activation in a Pediatric Patient: Suggestion for Transfusion Management

An Antibody to a High-Frequency Antigen: The Search for Compatible Blood

Immune Response in Infectious Disease

Fungal Infection in a Liver Transplant Recipient

Influenza Vaccination

Cardiac Transplant Patient With a Nodular Pulmonary Infiltrate and Respiratory Failure

Understanding HIV-1 Resistance Testing

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Renal Disease Investigation

Pseudohyperkalemia

Investigation of an Incompatible Antiglobulin Crossmatch in a Patient With a Negative Antibody Screen

Selegiline Metabolites May Interfere With Urine Drug Abuse (DAU) Screen Assays for Amphetamines

Antiphospholipid Syndrome: The Challenge of Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing

Determining Accurate WBC Counts in the Presence of Markedly Elevated Nucleated RBCs

A “Lean” Foundation for the Laboratory

Laboratory Testing for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Hemolytic Anemia in a Female of Mediterranean Descent

Clinical Laboratory Utilization: Which, Why, and What Do The Results Mean?

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that describes the “laboratory testing cycle” and discusses the potential sources of error that can occur in each phase of this cycle. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

The Clinical Utility of Tumor Markers

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that describes the expanding range of viable tumor markers, tumor markers that are presently available in the routine clinical laboratory, and clinical applications of markers that are currently in widespread use. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Laboratory Monitoring of Heparin Therapy: PTT or Anti-Xa Assay?

This is a Continuing Education on-line course that describes the physical characteristics and therapeutic uses of heparin. Complete a short multiple-choice quiz to earn 1 CMLE credit.

Von Willebrand Disease: Elucidating the Clinical Picture Through the Use of Molecular Methods

Newborn Screening: What’s New?

Staphylococcus Saccharolyticus: A Rare but Important Cause of Anaerobic Endocarditis

Bile Duct Brush Cytology Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Osteoporosis and Bone Markers

Autologous Transfusion Practices

Refractory Cytopenia With Multilineage Dysplasia and Ringed Sideroblasts

Oncocytic/Hürthle Cell Lesions of the Thyroid

Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Tumor Markers

Tissue Localization of Therapy Targets in Cancer: Immunohistochemistry and Beyond

Cancer Stem Cells: On the Verge of Clinical Translation

Minimizing Blood Transfusions in Medicine and Surgery: Current Considerations

Cutaneous Cryptococcosis

Ochrobactrum Infections